在外國讀書的學生，都幾乎會被逼讀文學，等到考大學，必修課語言能拿多少分，跟能否寫好的文學分析文章有關。所以哪怕是在大學只打算讀理科的學生，也要掌握寫文學分析文章的竅門。
拿高分的途徑之一，是從introduction and conclusion入手，因考官對試卷的第一印象和最後印象，都是這兩部分形成的。 The good news is, 引人入勝的introduction and conclusion，跟預製菜一樣，是可以先準備好，溫習時先把元素想好，考試時就能派上用場。
從下面的案例，可以看出，有加插預製元素和沒預製元素的introduction and conclusion，區別是很大的。
Question： Discuss the theme of hate in Othello
普通的introduction
Hate is a very important theme in Othello. It shows itself through the spreading of hate from Iago to other characters, contributing to the development of the plot by driving Iago to design schemes to destroy others. This enables Shakespeare to transform his play into a tragedy
具有預製元素的introduction
An instructive way to understand the role hate plays in the first three acts in Othello is to imagine it as an Nvidia graphics card: just as an Nvidia chip can speed up a computer so fiercely that it can both multitask and provide a smooth, seamless gaming experience, hate in Othello propels the plot, drive characters, and conveys the playwright’s message about human nature. The play leaves the audience both aghast and dismayed by the destructive power of hate.
普通的conclusion
To conclude, hate is used by Shakespeare to reveal the true nature of his play’s antagonist Iago. The plot is pushed forward as Iago carries out his evil plans on other characters. Through seeing the workings of hate, the audience can understands how evil can be spread when hate begins to grow within the heart of a single individual.
具有預製元素的conclusion
After Donald Harvey, a nurse who has murdered at least 37 patients, was caught, he stated “You think I played God and I did.” The Iago portrayed in Othello could have made the same remark, given his hate-fueled pleasure of controlling other characters. In Shakespeare’s day, such a study on hate must have had as much emotional impact on its 16th century audience as Netflix’s serial killer documentaries have on us today.
Michelle Ng
英國牛津大學畢業，前《蘋果日報》和《眾新聞》專欄作家，現在身在楓葉國，心繫中國大陸和香港。
聯絡方式： michelleng.coach@proton.me
個人網站： https://michellengwritings.com
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